Web3 is Going Just Great

Harmony paused its token bridge and asked exchanges to freeze tokens coming from four addresses connected to the attacker. They also said they were considering a possible rollback — that is, reverting the blockchain to a pre-attack state, undoing all transactions since that point. This is a very controversial choice in the crypto world, where blockchains are prized for their immutability. It also becomes less effective if attackers are able to move tokens off the network before the rollback happens.

This is the second time Harmony has had mint-related issues. In January 2024, a bug caused around 150 million $ONE to erroneously be minted and distributed to 79 wallets. And in June 2022, Harmony suffered a $100 million theft, later attributed by the US FBI to North Korean hacking groups.

Coinsbuy has said that the vulnerability has been addressed, and offered a $100,000 "bounty" for the returned funds.

Holders of the project's FITFI and KCAL tokens have two weeks to cash out, although they're not likely to recoup much. FITFI trades at fractions of a cent, and KCAL trades at $0.01 — far below its $1–$4 prices from the project's peak in 2022 and 2023. Holders of Step NFTs are likely similarly out of luck.

The tokens were typically issued as souvenirs from crypto conferences or other events, and were supposed to function as cryptographically verifiable proof that the owner attended an event. The fact that the POAPs were tradable of course undermined this somewhat, but nevertheless the crypto world had come up a number of reasons why POAPs would be the future of event planning and digital identity and all kinds of things.

Now, the project's co-founder has announced that "Unfortunately, crypto's funding cycles and distribution dynamics made it hard to build a sustainable company without cannibalizing the ethos that made POAP mean something. Building on a fragile and quickly evolving stack, in the middle of an incredible hype cycle, only added to the challenges."

An estimated 2,055 BTC (~$130 million) and counting has been drained in the days following the discovery of the attack, which began with an attack that saw 594 BTC ($38 million) drained from about 500 separate wallets. The first attack seemed to intentionally target higher-value wallets, with only wallets containing 0.15 BTC (~$9,500) or more impacted. Attacks have come from an estimated 15 unique groups, according to Galaxy Research.

Hardware wallets are often used by more security conscious users, or those with more significant sums of money at risk, because the lack of internet connection makes the devices less vulnerable to phishing or malware-based attacks. However, if a wallet seed phrase can be obtained by an attacker, the lack of internet connection is no barrier to theft. Coldcard describes itself as "ultra-secure", and its website is filled with reviews describing the product as "one of the most secure Bitcoin hardware wallets ever built".

Two men were arrested on fraud charges, and Korean police are seeking a third. They reportedly advertised the scam project via YouTube and online articles.

Triple-A did not say how much was taken or how the wallets were compromised, and said the impact was limited to "specific operational accounts" and able to be covered by treasury reserves. Blockchain analyst Specter estimated the loss at $11.8 million, stolen across the bitcoin and Tron networks.

The largest liability by far is the $163.7 million owed to roughly 11,700 people who had money in Poolin Wallet when the company froze withdrawals in September 2022, citing "some liquidity issues" during that year's crash. Instead of returning their bitcoin, Poolin handed them IOU tokens, which it never redeemed.

Poolin was founded in Beijing in 2017 and in better days accounted for almost a fifth of the bitcoin network's hashrate.

The attacker ultimately profited by about $912,000, consisting of funds stolen from 42DAO, the entity that runs the Balance protocol.

Movement was an Ethereum layer-2 built on Move, the language originally developed for Facebook's dead Libra stablecoin project. It raised tens of millions, including a $38 million Series A led by Polychain in April 2024, before its December 2024 token launch went sideways. The firm opted to give an obscure market maker called Rentech control of 66 million $MOVE, or around 5% of supply, which they promptly dumped, crashing the price.

The Movement blockchain will reportedly continue on under a new company called Move Industries, and pivot away from Ethereum scaling and towards stablecoin operations.

The attacker siphoned at least $24 million USDC from the protocol, which they quickly swapped into ETH and laundered via Tornado Cash.

Bonzo has announced they will reimburse users affected by the exploit, with support from the Hedera Foundation.

Shortly after the exploit, Summer Finance announced it had "no viable path forward other than to wind down operations". They added, "a meaningful portion of the team's own capital was held in the affected vaults, removing the runway we needed to rebuild."

Dutch prosecutors asked courts to declare the platform bankrupt and install a court-appointed trustee to oversee the process of extracting assets from the company to return to customers, who are missing around €7 million (~$8 million). The request was approved. The country's Fiscal Information and Investigation Service has also opened a criminal investigation into the platform.

Polymarket, a crypto-based prediction markets platform, quickly made an announcement to claim that a third-party vendor had been compromised to allow an attacker to inject a malicious script into the website frontend. Polymarket has said it will refund affected customers.

After the attacks commenced, SecondFi "rescued" another 129 million ADA (~$19.4 million) by moving the assets to a third party entity. They announced that an external accounting firm would verify the funds and process user claims.

About a month after the hack, SecondFi announced it would shut down operations.

On June 20, an attacker used a series of contracts to cause the bot to grant token approvals that were later used to drain 4,427 ETH ($7.7 million). Some of the funds were then laundered through Tornado Cash.

On June 20, the verification provider Accountable announced that they had "terminated its service agreement with MainStreet, effective immediately. MainStreet was unable to meet our verification standards." The sudden loss of confidence in the token caused the price to plummet as holders rushed to withdraw funds.

Main Street issued a statement, claiming that "Mainstreet remains fully backed" and that "this is an infrastructure and reporting issue, not a solvency issue." However, they noted that "while our portfolio remains fully backed, converting positions into immediate liquidity depends on prevailing market depth and market-maker appetite."

The hacks are part of a spate of exploits targeting legacy smart contracts belonging to projects including Raydium and DxSale. Although some projects have developed techniques to circumvent the immutable nature of blockchains and allow smart contracts to be upgraded or retired, many legacy contracts cannot be changed or shut down, leaving them vulnerable to attack indefinitely.

Although Pudgy Penguins CEO Lucas Netz boasted on Twitter in December about "1M+ downloads today. 10M+ downloads soon." he later admitted interest in the game had quickly died off. In a community call to announce the game's shutdown, Netz acknowledged that within months of the launch, there were only 200–300 active players. The project had lost the company millions of dollars, he confessed.

The theft is only the latest in a string of attacks targeting vulnerable legacy smart contracts, many of which cannot be deleted, paused, or changed due to blockchains' immutable nature. Raydium and DxSale are two other platforms that have recently suffered losses due to old, insecure code.

The exploit, which occurred on June 10, went unnoticed until June 17, when a transaction failed with a message suggesting that more tokens had been bridged out of the Secret network than had been bridged in.

Secret has warned, "If you hold Axelar-bridged saXXX tokens on Secret, please be aware their backing was affected and your funds may be lost."

Raydium has said it will compensate users who lost funds in the exploit.

With the keys, the attacker stole more than 6 million of Humanity's H token, then used other keys to upgrade a bridge and drain 141 million more tokens. With the bridge access, they also minted 300 million new H tokens. The attacker then quickly swapped the ill-gotten tokens for ETH, causing the H price to plummet by 80–90%.

Humanity Protocol markets itself as a competitor to Sam Altman's World (formerly Worldcoin), a decentralized identity project that aims to use iris scans to prove that users are unique humans. Humanity raised $20 million in 2025 from Pantera Capital and Jump Crypto.

Only about a quarter of them ever sold, leaving about 7,200 of them on the digital shelves. That is, until they were stolen (or, as the museum put it, "transferred from the wallet without authorization"). If valued at their sale price the stolen NFTs would be worth €13.32 million (US$15.3 million), though it's hard to argue the thief could've ever sold them for that amount given the museum had failed to do so for several years.

The stolen NFTs were soon made even less appealing to prospective buyers when the museum un-linked the image files from the digital assets, and OpenSea blocked them from trading.

The name led to some confusion due to the similarly named Squid Router, which is not related. It's not clear if the users who installed the module were aware that the two projects were separate.

Because Monero is a privacycoin, a type of cryptocurrency that obscures transaction details including sender and receiver wallets, it is not feasible to trace the stolen assets.

The company's bankruptcy filing reports between $10 million and $50 million in both assets and liabilities. In a recent financial disclosure, the company had reported a 49% year-over-year reduction in revenue and a net loss of $9.5 million for the year. The company had also suffered a $3.67 million hack in April.

Bitcoin Depot has blamed a challenging state-level regulatory environment for its bankruptcy, pointing to a series of regulatory restrictions and outright bans on crypto ATMs, which are a major conduit for crypto scams. An FBI report on Internet crime in 2024 showed 11,000 reports of fraud involving crypto ATMs – a 99% increase from the prior year. Almost $250 million was reported lost due to such scams, with a majority of it coming from victims over 60 years old. Several states have responded by introducing laws imposing strict compliance requirements or transaction limits on ATM operators, and Indiana and Tennessee have both recently banned the kiosks entirely. Additionally, the company is defending against lawsuits from both Massachusetts and Iowa, which argue that the company uses a misleading pricing structure, knowingly enables crypto scames, and maintains a predatory refund policy.

Verus halted the entire Verus network after the exploit was detected in hopes of limiting further damage.

The exploiter later accepted a bounty offer by Verus, returning 4,052 ETH (~$8.5 million) while keeping the remaining ~25% as a "bounty".

Transit was previously exploited in 2022 for $21 million, although around 70% of the stolen assets were later returned.

The project has announced they intend to "restor[e] bridge liquidity through a legally structured sale of Foundation's TAC token treasury reserves."

Blockchain research firm Blockaid has linked the attacker to a similar exploit in March 2025 that saw $5 million drained from 1inch. This time, 1inch has asserted that although they use TrustedVolumes as a resolver, the exploit did not involve any of their systems.

Polish authorities have launched investigations into the apparent collapse. Losses have been estimated at 350 million zł (~$96 million).

Poland's Prime Minister Donald Tusk has also recently accused Zondacrypto of sponsoring conservative and right-wing politicians, including Polish President Karol Nawrocki. Nawrocki has repeatedly vetoed legislation aiming to regulate the crypto sector, describing it as overly burdensome to crypto businesses. Tusk has also alleged that Zondacrypto was funded by the Russian mafia and Russian intelligence services. These allegations are also being investigated by Polish authorities, and one report citing the country's Internal Security Agency claims that the Kremlin-linked Tambovskaya Bratva Russian mafia group took over the exchange as far back as 2018.